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Romanian Journal of Biology - Zoology ROMANIAN ACADEMY Institute of Biology - Bucharest |
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2004, VOLUME 49, 1-2
NEW AND RARE EXOCHINAE FOR THE ROMANIAN FAUNA (2ND NOTE) pp. 3-10 IRINEL CONSTANTINEANU, RAOUL CONSTANTINEANU, CAMIL ŞTEFAN LUNGU-CONSTANTINEANU
In this paper the authors present 6 species of Ichneumonidae belonging to the subfamily Exochinae, collected from different counties of Romania. The male of species Exochus thomsoni Schm. and the female of Exochus frontellus Holmgr. are new for the science. The genus Periope Hal. and the following 3 species: Chorinaeus australis Thoms., Triclistus aethiops (Grav.) and Periope auscultator Hal. are new for the Romanian fauna. The other species are rare for the Romanian fauna. CAENESTHERIELLA VARIABILIS (DADAY) (CONCHOSTRACA: CRUSTACEA) ESPČCE NOUVELLE POUR LA FAUNE DE ROUMANIE ET SA VALIDITE pp. 11-18 AURELIU STOICESCU
L'auteur signale pour la premičre fois la présence en Roumanie du conchostrace Spinicaudata Caenestheriella variabilis et mentionne les différences entre cette espéce et Cyzicus tetracerus avec laquelle C. variabilis a čtč synonymisée. ICHTHYOLOGICAL RESEARCHES IN THE BASIN OF THE RIVER LĂPUŞ pp. 19-28 ALEXANDRU WILHELM, GAVRIL ARDELEAN
During 3-6 September 2003 we made ichthyological researches in the basin of Lăpuş river and tributaries in 40 sampling points. We determined 1 850 specimens of 22 fish species. 19 of these are native species, only 3 are of allochthonous origin. The low number of species can be explained by the pollution of water with a mine or ore-washer and the organic pollutants of the public sewage and brandy distilleries. In accordance with the classification of Bănărescu (1994) the majority of species are not endangered, but Leuciscus leuciscus is considered on the verge of extinction, Gobio kessleri and Thymallus thymallus are vulnerable species, Gobio uranoscopus is less vulnerable. THE MACROINVERTEBRATES ASSOCIATION OF MAIZE CULTURE, INCLUDING ALIEN INVASIVE SPECIES DIABROTICA VIRGIFERA VIRGIFERA (COLEOPTERA-CHRYSOMELIDAE) pp. 29-40 IRINA TEODORESCU, DACIA VÎLSAN
Personal investigations in maize crops and literature data have been made in order to assess the diversity of macro invertebrates in maize crop. A number of over 200 macroinvertebrate species, from Phyllums Nemathelminthes, Mollusca and Arthropoda were identified. 140 of these are phytophagous and over 41 arc predators and parasitoids. The alien species Diabrotica virgifera virgifera comes into direct and indirect competition for the same food sources with a number of macro invertebrates and microorganism species. Special interrelations can be established with some Insecta and Aranea predators and parasitoid species. Obtained data underline tbat in Romania Diabrotica virgifera virgifera cannot be erradicated, because the direct and indirect competition is not severe, and lack specific natural enemies EVALUATION OF A BACULOVIRAL PRODUCT EFFICIENCY ON BIOLOGICAL CONTROL OF HYPHANTRIA CUNEA DRURY (LEPIDOPTERA: ARCTIIDAE) IN ROMANIA pp. 41-46 MARIA IAMANDEI, T. MANOLE, IRINA TEODORESCU, ALINA IAMANDEI
The aim of the present paper is to discuss the results of two years attempt of biological control of H. cunea populations with a baculoviral product (HcVG) previously obtained at the Research-Development Institute for Plant Protection Bucharest. For the first time in Romania a baculoviral product was tested in the field cage conditions against H. cunea larvae. The efficiency of biological control was assessed by mortality percent of different larvae instars. The mortality level registered was the highest in the L1-L2 and L2-L3 instars (89% and 78.67% in 2001, respectively 93% and 86.33% in 2002). The researches point out H. cunea critical stage and will be very useful for the baculovirus treatments management. THE ZOOPLANKTON STRUCTURE IN THE DAM LAKE IRON GATES 1 (DANUBE KM 942-1075) AFTER THREE DECADES OF ITS EXISTENCE pp. 47-57 VICTOR ZINEVICI, LAURA PARPALĂ
The lake appearance in 1971 determined irreversible changes of the zooplankton structures of former ecosystems (the Danube river, end section of over 40 of its affluents, springs and ponds). The strongest modifications occurred in the first two years of lake existence, namely: the taxonomic spectrum reduction with more than one third (l07→70 taxa), correlated with a high increase of the numerical density and biomass. The colmatage of some areas, together with the submerged vegetation development in littoral zone, determined an increased tendency of the taxonomic diversity, which was also observed in 2002, after three decades of dam lake existence. On the contrary, the numerical density and biomass, after an increase registered in 1971-1972, showed a sharp decrease in the next 7-8 years, reaching somehow low values, characteristic for the dam lakes of river type. The numerical and gravimetrical proliferation of plankton larvae of Dreissena pafymarpha represented a phenomenon with negative ecological implications. They constituted a clear dominant element of the zooplankton structure in 2002. TAXONOMIC COMPOSITION AND NUMERICAL DENSITY OF THE ZOOBENTHOS IN THE DAM LAKE, IRON GATES I (ROMANIAN SECTION) IN 2002 pp. 59-72 VIRGINIA POPESCU-MARINESCU
We present the zoobenthos data regarding its composition, taxonomic variability and frequency, numerical density (on zoobenthos groups), as well as the spatial and seasonal variations of the total zoobenthos density, in the damlake Iron Gates I, in 2002. As the table and graphic analysis revealed, a wider diversity of the zoobenthos taxa (but much lower than the value registered before the river damming) existed in the ecosystem upper zone than in the rest of the accumulation. Hypania invalida. Limnodrilus hoffmeisteri. Tubifex tubifex, Branchiura sowerbyi. Sphaerium sp. and Dreissena polymorpha were the constant-dominant species in the damlake. The Ponto-Caspian elements were present especially in the upper half of the ecosystem. The zoobenthos numerical density was generally high, presenting wide spatial and seasonal variations; the oligochaets and the polychaets were the numerical dominant taxonomic groups. RECHERCHES CONCERNANT LA DIVERSITÉ ET L'ÉQUTABILITÉ DES POPULATIONS DE SYMPHYLES (SYMPHYLA) DES FORĘTS DE FEUILLUS pp. 73-78 RADU GAVA
The author characterizes the associations of symphyles from the oak, beech and alder forests with the help of the log-linear mathematical model proposed by Motomura. These have a diversity and an equitability that come sufficiently close to the log-linear mathematical model, so that they can be considered as nomocenoses, in the sense proposed by Daget, Lecordier and Leveque (4). STRUCTURE AND DYNAMICS OF THE GAMASINA MITES (ACARI: MESOSTIGMATA) FROM A FOREST WITH PICEA ABIES FROM THE BUCEGI MASSIF pp. 79-88 MINODORA STĂNESCU, DARIUSZ J. GWIAZDOWICZ
This paper presents the structure and dynamics of the Mesostigmata mites from an ecosystem with Picea abies. Species composition of edaphic mites from Mesostigmata showed the presence of the two suborders: Gamasina with 10 families (parasitidae, Veigaiaidae, Laelapidae, Rhodacaridae, Ascidae, Ameroseiidae, Macrochelidae, Pachylaelaptidae, Eviphididae, Zerconidae) with 42 species and Uropodina with 2 families (Trachytidae, Uropodidae ), with 6 species. In temporal dynamics in summer there were identified 27 species of Mesostigmata mites, in autumn 39 species and in winter 31 species. The highest numerical densities of mites were observed in autumn at Veigaia nemorensis (1871 ind./sq.m.; CV = 97) and the lowest densities of mites were observed in summer and autumn at Lysigamasus neoruncatellus (7 ind./sq.m.; CV = 374) and in winter at Vulgarogamasus zschokkei (7 ind.lsq.m.; CV = 374). In spatial dynamics the litter and fermentation layer there were identified 36 species of Mesostigmata mites and in humus layer 25 species were recorded. The differences between abiotic factors in all these seasons (pH, humidity and the soil temperature) have determined a higher number of species and numerical densities of all Acari in the litter and fermentation layer than in the humus layer. FIBRONECTIN DISTRIBUTION IN THE EXTRACELLULAR MATRIX OF CELLS CULTURED IN DEUTERATED MEDIA pp. 89-96 WANDA BUZGARIU, VIORICA COROIU, SIMONA CHERA, OTILIA ZĂRNESCU, GH. TIŢESCU
This work refers to the study of deuterated water influence on fibronectin (FN) distribution and organization in the extracellular matrix. The studies intended to reveal the changes occurred at the extracellular matrix level in the case of embryonic fibroblasts cultivation in media with various heavy water concentrations (20%, 40%, and 65%). Fibronectin was identified in the extracellular matrix of fibroblasts by the indirect immunocytochemical technique, using a secondary antibody conjugated with peroxidase. In the presence of heavy water in the culture medium, the arrangement and localization of cellular fibronectin have changed depending on the exposure time, D20 concentration in the medium and the stage of fibronectin polymerization in the extracellular matrix, which was correlated with the time of monolayer cultivation. Heavy water determined a reduction of fibronectin network, this decrease being the most obvious in 65% D20 medium following 5 days of exposure. When the network distribution was analyzed after 2 days exposure to heavy water, in an early stage of fibronectin network formation, the deuterated medium led to a pericellular distribution of fibronectin aggregates. Heavy water can act on the process of fibronectin fibril fonnation both directly, due to the solvent effect exerted on the process of fibronectin polymerization, and indirectly, by the effects upon the metabolic reactions and, implicitly, on proteic synthesis and cellular fibronectin secretion. Thus, the organization as aggregates of fibronectin network in cells cultured in deuterated media may be due to the solvent effect exerted by D20, while the reduction in FN could be the result of the disturbance of protein synthesis and biochemical reactions. THE CYTOGENETIC STUDY OF HYBRID PROGENY OF SILVER CRUCIAN (CARASSIUS AURATUS GIBELIO BLOCH.) TO UNDERSTAND ITS REPRODUCTION pp. 97-104 LILIANA GREGORIAN, ATENA SCRIPCARIU
The cytogenetic study (generally based on the somatic chromosome number determination) of the progeny resulting from experimental homo- and heterospecific hybridization's, made in order to clarify the reproduction of the C. a. gibelio females with two morphotypes in the natural biotopes ("old form", "new form"), revealed a large aneuploid variety, from 2n(2x) = 72 to 2n(3x) = 182 somatic chromosomes. This wide range suggests the existence of both some meiotic mechanisms modified prior to the fecundation and some further desynchronizations in the male and female pronucleus evolutions, occurring in the ovule cytoplasm. The chromosome number variation of the descendants from C. a. gibelio heterospecific cross-breeding makes us conclude that the triploid females could generate haploid gametes (Ix) by normal meioses, diploid gametes (2x) by the first or second meiotic division absence, and triploid gametes (3x) byendoreduplication. All these gametes are able of unisexual (gynogenesis) or bisexual reproduction, as well as of the combination of the two. That large reproduction strategy makes possible the reversib'ility of unisexual populations into bisexual ones, as well as the reverse of that, and guarantees the viability in their own evolutive system. As far as it concerns the gynogenesis, that reproduction manner leads to the surpassing of the isolation mechanisms (hybrid sterility), ensuring the stability of interspecific hybrids, on the one side. On the other side, it leads to the survival increase under unfavorable conditions and to the extension on new geographical areas, since the triploidy - or alotriploidy better said - ensures the homeostasis in the individual and species level, as well as a high degree of heterozygosis. THE CHARACTERIZATION AND IN VITRO TESTING OFA DERMAL SHIELD CONTAINING SOLUBLE ELASTIN pp. 105-111 OANA CRĂCIUNESCU, LUCIA MOLDOVAN, DANIELA BRATOSIN, OTILIA ZĂRNESCU, G.L. RADU
In this study, shield variants, conditioned as membranes, containing two types of soluble elastin, collagen and glycosaminoglycans, were prepared. Cross-linking and sterilization were made by UV irradiation. All matrices were biochemically (active substance content, water-binding ability, collagenase degradability) and structurally (SEM) characterized. Their effect on dermal fibroblast morphology and viability was analyzed by flow-cytometry. In vitro cell attachment was also investigated. All the results showed that the membrane άEL:COL:GAG, in I :20:4 ratio, could be used to develop a composite graft with good biostability and biocompatibility. EFFECTS OF SOME BIOPRODUCTS BASED ON HYALURONATE FROM SWINE VITREOUS BODY ON THE SKIN pp. 113-118 EUGENIA TEODOR, VIORICA COROIU, MARLA CALOIANU, T. LEAU
It is generally accepted that hyaluronan is associated with the tissue repair process. The benefits of exogenous-applied hyaluronan in tissue repair were tested. Biomaterials were prepared based on hyaluronate extracted from swine vitreous, lyophilized (freezedried) sponge-like and one variant of ointment, and were tested on laboratory animals (rabbits). The results (macroscopic and histology) confirmed the role of hyaluronic acid in stimulation of tissue remodeling (wounds healing). CYTOCHEMICAL DEMONSTRATION OF THE ACTIVATION OF ERYTHROCYTE MEMBRANE BOUND 13-GALACTOSIDASE BY CA2+ INDUCTION OF CELL APOPTOSIS pp. 119-127 LAURA MITROFAN, DANIELA BRATOSIN, GEORGIANA C. PALII, VLAD ARTENIE, ALEXANDRU G. MARINESCU, JEAN MONTREUIL
The increase of /3-D-galactosidase activity in various ageing nucleated cells has been recently proposed by Dimri et al. (1995) as a novel senescence biomarker called "senescence associated /3 -galactosidase" (SA-/3-Gal). The demonstration was founded on a cytochemical assay using 5-bromo-4-chloro-3 indolyl-/3-D-galactosid (X-Gal) a chromogene which develops a blue color due to the formation of 5-bromo-4-chloro-3 indol in the presence of /3-galactosidase activity. As we have recently reported (Bratosin et al., 2001) that mature human red blood cells (RBCs) undergo a rapid self-destruction process sharing several features with apoptosis in spite of the absence of mitochondria and this regulated form of programmed cell death (PCD) was induced by Ca2+ influx. We have extended the Dimri's cytochemical assay to senescent human RBCs. In the present paper, we demonstrate that the senescence of human RBCs induced by Ca2+ influx is marked by the significant increase of the cell membrane /3-galactosidase activity that is well correlated with an increase of phosphatidylserine (PS) externalization. HAMSTER KIDNEY AFTER FERRUM HAUSMANN "DROPS" CHRONIC ADMINISTRATION pp. 129-138 C.-C. PRUNESCU, PAULA PRUNESCU
An original experimental model of iron loading by administration of Ferrum Hausmann "Drops" (FeHD) in the drinking water was described. Later during the experiment, symptoms of severe renal dysfunction occurred in hamsters. Histological and ultrastructural observations revealed important lesions of the renal glomerule structures and the proximal convoluted tubule epithelial cells. The amorphous material massive accumulation on the epithelial cells basal pole impeded the normal water resorption from the primary urine. In the renal interstitial tissue the fibrosis was installed. INGESTION OF LOW DOSES OF FUMONISIN B1 (FB1) INDUCES MICROSCOPIC ALTERATIONS IN SEVERAL PIGLET ORGANS pp. 139-155 IOANA TRANDABURU, SANDRINE BOUHET, DANIELA E. MARJN, IONELIA ŢĂRANU, ISABELLE P. OSWALD, T. TRANDABURU
The study is focused on the microscopic alterations in the lungs, liver, ileum and cecum of weaned piglets treated twice a day by gavage with 0.75 mg/kg body weight of pure fumonisin B1 (FBI) for one week. Under the above experimental conditions no noticeable histopathological modifications were found in the spleen, kidney, as well as in the other examined regions of the alimentary tract (oesophagus, duodenum, jejunum and the large intestine). The mycotoxin induced relative severe pulmonary injuries consisting of proliferation of connective tissue fibers and infiltration of edematous fluid around lymphatic and blood vessels, in the interlobular septa and in the peribronchial and peribronchiolar areas. Endothelial alterations of the capillaries, widenings, disruptions and infiltrations of the alveolar walls with lymphocytes, as well as accumulations inside the alveoles of a suppurative fluid and fibrin aggregates completed the histopathological picture of pulmonary lesions. In the liver, centrolobular vein disruptions, swellings and proliferations of the sourrounding hepatocytes, but also their vacuolization and degeneration with the occurrence ,of autolysis foci were among the most representative alterations. To these, disorganisations and disruptions of hepatocellular cords should be added. Finally, the mycotoxin stimulated the proliferation of lymphatic nodules in the terminal ileum and cecum. The results of the study are discussed in connection with the risks of short-term exposures to low doses of FBI for the domestic animal and human health. MORPHOLOGY AND STRUCTURE OF THE TRACHEAL GILLS OF TWO SPECIES OF STONE FLIES (PLECOPTERA) pp. 157-169 ANCA-NARCISA NEAGU
A morphological, light and electronic (SEM) examination was made of the tracheal gills of two species of stonefly (Perla marginata Pz. and Dinocras cephalotes Curt.) larvae. The microscopic examination showed specialized structures like the conifOln1 and floriform chloride-cells. These cellular complexes participate in osmoregulation. These results suggest that in addition to their respiratory function, the ionic transporting type cells play an important role in absorption of electrolytes to maintain a constant osmotic pressure of the haemolymph in freshwater environments. The epithelial cells of gills are respiratory in function. |
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